🇯🇵 Japan vs 🇩🇪 Germany

Tax residency, treaties and PE risk compared.

Dimension🇯🇵 Japan🇩🇪 Germany
Residency ruleJusho (domicile) + 1-year presenceWohnsitz (any home) OR 183 days
Day threshold365 days183 days
Warning bandfrom 183dfrom 90d
Tax range5–45% + 10% local14–45% + solidarity
Tax treaties85+96+
PE riskMediumHigh
Digital nomad visaYesNo
Best forNon-permanent residents (first 5 of 10 years) shielding foreign incomeSalaried EU employees who can't avoid German payroll
Common pitfallNon-permanent resident status ends after 5 years — then worldwide tax kicks in.Keeping ANY accessible home in Germany = unlimited tax liability. No day-count escape.

Verdict

For most nomads optimising for residency safety, 🇯🇵 Japan is the lower-risk base versus 🇩🇪 Germany. Germany's high PE risk and 183-day rule make it easier to trip into full residency.

Deep dive

🇯🇵 Japan residency rules →

Deep dive

🇩🇪 Germany residency rules →

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